[Linux] Bash traceroute Uso: Trace the path of network packets

Overview

The traceroute command is a network diagnostic tool used to track the path that packets take from your computer to a specified destination on the internet. It provides information about each hop along the route, including the time taken for each segment, which can help identify network issues.

Usage

The basic syntax of the traceroute command is as follows:

traceroute [options] [destination]

Common Options

-m <max_ttl>: Set the maximum time-to-live (TTL) for packets. This limits the number of hops.
-q <nqueries>: Specify the number of probe packets sent per hop (default is 3).
-w <waittime>: Set the time to wait for a response from each probe (in seconds).
-I: Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams.
-T: Use TCP SYN packets instead of UDP.

Common Examples

Here are some practical examples of using the traceroute command:

Basic Traceroute To trace the route to a website, such as example.com:
```
traceroute example.com
```
Set Maximum TTL To limit the traceroute to a maximum of 10 hops:
```
traceroute -m 10 example.com
```
Using ICMP ECHO To perform a traceroute using ICMP ECHO requests:
```
traceroute -I example.com
```
Specify Number of Probes To send 5 probes per hop:
```
traceroute -q 5 example.com
```
Set Wait Time To set a wait time of 2 seconds for each probe:
```
traceroute -w 2 example.com
```

Tips

Use sudo if you encounter permission issues, as some options may require elevated privileges.
Combine options to customize your traceroute command for specific needs, such as adjusting the TTL and number of probes.
Analyze the output carefully; high response times or timeouts may indicate network congestion or issues at specific hops.