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li:before{align-items:center;background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.2);border-radius:50%;content:"✓";display:inline-flex;flex-shrink:0;font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:700;height:20px;justify-content:center;margin-top:2px;width:20px}.gh-cta-inner .gh-form{background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.15);margin:0 auto;max-width:480px}.gh-cta-inner .gh-form:hover{background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.22)}.gh-cta-inner .gh-form-input{color:#fff}.gh-cta-inner .gh-form-input::-moz-placeholder{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.55)}.gh-cta-inner .gh-form-input::placeholder{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.55)}.gh-cta-inner .gh-button{background-color:#fff;color:#15171a}.gh-cta-fomo-note{color:#fff;font-size:1.25rem;margin-top:16px;opacity:.6}.gh-footer-signup{background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(0,0,0,.03),rgba(0,0,0,.06));border-radius:20px;margin-bottom:40px;padding:56px 48px;text-align:center}.gh-footer.has-accent-color .gh-footer-signup,.has-light-text .gh-footer-signup{background:linear-gradient(135deg,hsla(0,0%,100%,.05),hsla(0,0%,100%,.1))}.gh-footer-signup-badge{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.04);border-radius:100px;color:var(--ghost-accent-color);display:inline-block;font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;margin-bottom:16px;padding:4px 14px;text-transform:uppercase}.gh-footer.has-accent-color .gh-footer-signup-badge,.has-light-text .gh-footer-signup-badge{background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.12);color:#fff}.gh-footer-signup .gh-form{margin:0 auto;max-width:480px}.gh-footer-fomo-note{color:var(--color-secondary-text);font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:450;margin-top:16px}.gh-post-cta{margin-bottom:48px;margin-top:48px}.gh-post-cta-inner{background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(0,0,0,.01),rgba(0,0,0,.03));border:2px solid var(--color-border);border-radius:16px;padding:40px;text-align:center;transition:border-color .3s ease}.gh-post-cta-inner:hover{border-color:var(--ghost-accent-color)}.gh-post-cta-title{font-size:2.4rem;margin-bottom:12px}.gh-post-cta-description{color:var(--color-secondary-text);font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.5;margin:0 auto 24px;max-width:500px}.gh-post-cta-inner .gh-button{font-size:1.6rem;padding:14px 32px}.gh-floating-bar{bottom:0;left:0;position:fixed;right:0;transform:translateY(100%);transition:transform .4s cubic-bezier(.16,1,.3,1);z-index:3000}.gh-floating-bar.is-visible{transform:translateY(0)}.gh-floating-bar.is-dismissed{display:none}.gh-floating-bar-inner{align-items:center;backdrop-filter:blur(16px);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(16px);background-color:var(--color-darker-gray);box-shadow:0 -4px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.12);color:#fff;display:flex;gap:20px;justify-content:center;padding:14px 24px}.has-light-text .gh-floating-bar-inner{background-color:#fff;color:var(--color-darker-gray)}.gh-floating-bar-text{align-items:center;display:flex;font-size:1.45rem;gap:10px}.gh-floating-bar-text strong{font-weight:700}.gh-floating-bar-text span{opacity:.8}.gh-floating-bar-btn{font-size:1.4rem;padding:8px 24px;white-space:nowrap}.has-light-text .gh-floating-bar-btn{background-color:var(--ghost-accent-color);color:#fff}.gh-floating-bar-close{align-items:center;background:transparent;border:0;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;display:flex;height:28px;justify-content:center;margin-left:4px;opacity:.5;padding:0;transition:opacity .2s ease;width:28px}.gh-floating-bar-close:hover{opacity:1}.gh-floating-bar-close svg{height:16px;width:16px}@media (max-width:767px){.gh-header-value-props{flex-direction:column;gap:6px}.gh-value-prop-divider{display:none}.gh-cta-inner{padding:36px 24px}.gh-cta-title{font-size:2.4rem}.gh-cta-benefits{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.gh-footer-signup{padding:36px 20px}.gh-post-cta-inner{padding:28px 20px}.gh-post-cta-title{font-size:2rem}.gh-floating-bar-inner{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;padding:12px 16px}.gh-floating-bar-text{font-size:1.3rem}.gh-floating-bar-btn{font-size:1.3rem;padding:8px 20px}}.gh-error{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;padding:80px 0 40px;text-align:center}.gh-error-code{color:var(--color-border);font-size:12rem;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.04em;line-height:1}.gh-error-description{color:var(--color-primary-text);font-size:2rem;font-weight:600;margin-top:8px}.gh-error-content{margin-top:24px}.gh-error-content p{color:var(--color-secondary-text);font-size:1.6rem;margin-bottom:20px}.gh-error-articles{border-top:1px solid var(--color-border);margin-top:56px;max-width:560px;padding-top:40px;text-align:left;width:100%}.gh-error-articles h3{color:var(--color-secondary-text);font-size:1.3rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.05em;margin-bottom:20px;text-transform:uppercase}.gh-error-feed{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:16px}.gh-error-article{align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-border);display:flex;gap:16px;justify-content:space-between;padding:12px 0}.gh-error-article:hover{opacity:1}.gh-error-article h4{font-size:1.6rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3}.gh-error-article:hover h4{color:var(--ghost-accent-color)}.gh-error-article span{color:var(--color-secondary-text);flex-shrink:0;font-size:1.25rem}.gh-affiliate-sidebar{display:none}@media (min-width:1400px){.gh-main-with-sidebar{position:relative}.gh-affiliate-sidebar{display:block;height:100%;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:240px;z-index:10}.gh-affiliate-sidebar-inner{background:var(--color-white,#fff);border:1px solid var(--color-border);border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.04);margin-right:24px;padding:20px 16px;pointer-events:auto;position:sticky;top:100px}}@media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:1399px){.gh-affiliate-sidebar{display:block;grid-column:main;margin:32px auto;max-width:720px}.gh-affiliate-sidebar-inner{background:var(--color-white,#fff);border:1px solid var(--color-border);border-radius:12px;padding:24px}.gh-affiliate-cards{display:flex;gap:12px;overflow-x:auto;padding-bottom:8px;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory}.gh-affiliate-card{flex-shrink:0;min-width:180px;scroll-snap-align:start}}@media (max-width:767px){.gh-affiliate-sidebar{display:block;grid-column:main;margin:24px auto;padding:0 var(--container-gap)}.gh-affiliate-sidebar-inner{background:var(--color-white,#fff);border:1px solid var(--color-border);border-radius:12px;padding:20px 16px}.gh-affiliate-cards{-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;display:flex;gap:10px;overflow-x:auto;padding-bottom:8px}.gh-affiliate-card{flex-shrink:0;min-width:160px}}.gh-affiliate-sidebar-title{color:var(--color-primary-text);font-size:1.3rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;margin:0 0 4px;text-transform:uppercase}.gh-affiliate-sidebar-subtitle{color:var(--color-secondary-text);font-size:1.2rem;line-height:1.4;margin:0 0 16px}.gh-affiliate-sidebar-subtitle strong{color:var(--ghost-accent-color);font-weight:700}.gh-affiliate-cards{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px}@media (min-width:1400px){.gh-affiliate-cards{flex-direction:column}}.gh-affiliate-card{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--color-border);border-radius:8px;display:block;padding:10px 12px;text-decoration:none;transition:all .15s ease}.gh-affiliate-card:hover{border-color:var(--ghost-accent-color);box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.06);opacity:1;transform:translateY(-1px)}.gh-affiliate-card-header{align-items:center;display:flex;gap:8px;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:4px}.gh-affiliate-card-name{color:var(--color-primary-text);font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:650;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.gh-affiliate-card-badge{background:#16a34a;border-radius:4px;color:#fff;flex-shrink:0;font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5;padding:1px 6px}.gh-affiliate-badge-alt{background:#2563eb}.gh-affiliate-card-price{align-items:baseline;display:flex;gap:2px}.gh-affiliate-price-current{color:var(--ghost-accent-color);font-size:1.6rem;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.02em}.gh-affiliate-price-unit{color:var(--color-secondary-text);font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:500}.gh-affiliate-price-original{color:var(--color-secondary-text);font-size:1.1rem;margin-left:6px;text-decoration:line-through}.gh-affiliate-card-desc{color:var(--color-secondary-text);font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.4;margin-top:2px}.gh-affiliate-code{background:#f0fdf4;border:1px dashed #16a34a;border-radius:6px;color:#15803d;font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.4;margin-top:12px;padding:8px 12px;text-align:center}.gh-affiliate-code strong{color:#15803d;font-weight:700}.gh-affiliate-cta{background:var(--ghost-accent-color);border-radius:6px;color:#fff;display:block;font-size:1.2rem;font-weight:600;margin-top:12px;padding:8px 16px;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;transition:opacity .15s ease}.gh-affiliate-cta:hover{color:#fff;opacity:.9}.gh-affiliate-divider{background:var(--color-border);height:1px;margin:14px 0}.gh-affiliate-card-alt{background:#f0f9ff;border-color:#bfdbfe}.gh-affiliate-card-alt:hover{border-color:#2563eb}@media print{.gh-affiliate-sidebar{display:none!important}}.gh-fan-fab{align-items:center;background:#f97316;border-radius:50%;bottom:32px;box-shadow:0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.2);color:#fff;display:flex;height:48px;justify-content:center;overflow:visible;position:fixed;right:88px;text-decoration:none;transition:all .2s ease;width:48px;z-index:9999}.gh-fan-fab:hover{box-shadow:0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.3);color:#fff;transform:scale(1.08)}.gh-fan-fab svg{flex-shrink:0;height:22px;width:22px}.gh-fab-label{background:rgba(0,0,0,.75);border-radius:6px;color:#fff;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.03em;opacity:0;padding:4px 8px;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:56px;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);transition:opacity .15s ease;white-space:nowrap}.gh-fan-fab:hover .gh-fab-label{opacity:1}@media (max-width:767px){.gh-fan-fab{bottom:24px;height:44px;right:76px;width:44px}.gh-fan-fab svg{height:20px;width:20px}}.gh-footer-fan-link{background:rgba(249,115,22,.08);border-color:rgba(249,115,22,.3)!important;color:#f97316!important}.gh-footer-fan-link:hover{background:#f97316!important;border-color:#f97316!important;color:#fff!important}.gh-fan-cta{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:48px}.gh-fan-cta-inner{align-items:center;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff7ed,#ffedd5);border:1px solid rgba(249,115,22,.2);border-radius:16px;display:flex;gap:24px;justify-content:space-between;padding:24px 32px}.gh-fan-cta-badge{background:#f97316;border-radius:4px;color:#fff;display:inline-block;font-size:10px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;margin-bottom:8px;padding:3px 8px;text-transform:uppercase}.gh-fan-cta-title{color:var(--color-primary-text);font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 6px}.gh-fan-cta-desc{color:var(--color-secondary-text);font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.5;margin:0}.gh-fan-cta-btn{align-items:center;background:#f97316;border-radius:8px;color:#fff;display:inline-flex;flex-shrink:0;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:600;padding:10px 20px;text-decoration:none;transition:all .2s ease;white-space:nowrap}.gh-fan-cta-btn:hover{background:#ea6d0b;color:#fff;transform:translateX(2px)}@media (max-width:767px){.gh-fan-cta-inner{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;padding:20px}.gh-fan-cta-btn{justify-content:center;width:100%}}.gh-footer-social{gap:16px;margin-top:28px}.gh-footer-social,.gh-footer-social-link{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:center}.gh-footer-social-link{border:1px solid hsla(0,0%,50%,.2);border-radius:50%;color:var(--color-secondary-text);height:40px;transition:all .2s ease;width:40px}.gh-article-meta-top{align-items:center;display:flex;gap:10px}.gh-author-social{align-items:center;display:flex;gap:6px}.gh-author-social a{align-items:center;color:var(--color-secondary-text);display:flex;justify-content:center;opacity:.5;transition:all .15s ease}.gh-author-social a:hover,.gh-footer-social-link:hover{color:var(--color-primary-text);opacity:1}.gh-footer-social-link:hover{border-color:var(--color-primary-text);transform:translateY(-2px)}.gh-footer-policies{align-items:center;border-top:1px solid hsla(0,0%,50%,.15);display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:1.2rem;gap:10px;justify-content:center;line-height:1.5;margin-top:32px;padding-top:24px}.gh-footer-policies a{color:var(--color-secondary-text);font-weight:500;opacity:.8;text-decoration:none;transition:opacity .15s ease}.gh-footer-policies a:hover{opacity:1;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.gh-footer-policies-sep{opacity:.4;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none}@media (max-width:600px){.gh-footer-policies{font-size:1.1rem;gap:6px}.gh-footer-policies-sep{display:none}}.gh-footer-disclaimer{border-top:1px solid hsla(0,0%,50%,.08);margin-top:20px;padding-top:20px}.gh-footer-disclaimer p{color:var(--color-secondary-text);font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.6;margin:0 0 8px;opacity:.7}.gh-footer-disclaimer p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.gh-footer-disclaimer strong{font-weight:600;opacity:1}.gh-footer-disclaimer a{color:var(--color-secondary-text);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}.gh-footer-disclaimer a:hover{opacity:1}.gh-attribution,.powered-by-ghost{display:none!important;opacity:0!important;pointer-events:none!important;visibility:hidden!important}@media print{.gh-comments,.gh-contact-fab,.gh-container.is-grid,.gh-cta,.gh-floating-bar,.gh-footer,.gh-footer-disclaimer,.gh-navigation,.gh-post-cta{display:none}.gh-content{font-size:12pt;line-height:1.6}}.has-feedback-dialog{overflow:hidden}:root{--vk-ink:#0a0d12;--vk-graphite:#252b33;--vk-muted:#66707c;--vk-faint:#626d79;--vk-paper:#f5f7f9;--vk-surface:#fff;--vk-soft:#edf1f5;--vk-line:#d7dde4;--vk-line-strong:#aeb7c2;--vk-red:#d71f2b;--vk-blue:#174ea6;--vk-green:#087c62;--vk-content:760px;--vk-wide:1180px;--container-width:1240px;--container-gap:clamp(20px,4vw,48px);--vk-night:#05070b;--vk-night-soft:#0d1118;--vk-porcelain:#f4f0e8;--vk-cyan:#83f4ff;--vk-violet:#a98cff;--vk-coral:#ff7f73;--vk-amber:#ffd37d;--vk-spectrum:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--vk-cyan),var(--vk-violet) 34%,var(--vk-coral) 68%,var(--vk-amber))}body,html{background:var(--vk-paper);overflow-x:hidden}body{color:var(--vk-ink);font-family:Inter,Pretendard,Apple SD Gothic Neo,Noto Sans KR,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,sans-serif;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.gh-button,.is-title,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{letter-spacing:0}a{color:inherit}a:hover{opacity:1}::-moz-selection{background:rgba(23,78,166,.16);color:var(--vk-ink)}::selection{background:rgba(23,78,166,.16);color:var(--vk-ink)}:focus-visible{box-shadow:0 0 0 5px var(--vk-blue);outline:3px solid #fff;outline-offset:3px}.vk-skip-link{background:#fff;color:#05070b;font-size:1.4rem;font-weight:750;left:8px;padding:10px 14px;position:fixed;top:8px;transform:translateY(-150%);transition:transform .12s ease;z-index:10000}.vk-skip-link:focus{transform:translateY(0)}.gh-button{background:var(--vk-ink);border:1px solid var(--vk-ink);border-radius:4px;color:#fff;font-size:1.3rem;font-weight:700;min-height:38px;padding:0 18px}.gh-button:hover{background:var(--vk-red);border-color:var(--vk-red)}.gh-navigation.vk-navigation{background:var(--vk-surface);border-bottom:1px solid var(--vk-line-strong);color:var(--vk-ink);font-size:1.3rem;height:auto;position:relative;z-index:50}.vk-navigation-inner{display:block}.vk-utility-row{align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--vk-line);color:var(--vk-muted);display:grid;font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:1rem;font-weight:650;grid-template-columns:1fr auto 1fr;letter-spacing:.06em;min-height:34px}.vk-language-nav,.vk-utility-links,.vk-utility-status{align-items:center;display:flex;gap:14px;min-width:0}.vk-utility-status{white-space:nowrap}.vk-live-dot,.vk-status-dot{background:var(--vk-red);border-radius:50%;display:inline-block;height:6px;width:6px}.vk-current-date:before{color:var(--vk-line-strong);content:"/";margin-right:14px}.vk-language-nav{justify-content:center}.vk-language-nav a,.vk-utility-links a{color:var(--vk-muted);text-decoration:none}.vk-language-nav a:hover,.vk-language-nav a[aria-current=page],.vk-utility-links a:hover{color:var(--vk-red)}.vk-utility-links{justify-content:flex-end}.vk-brand-row{align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--vk-line-strong);display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto 1fr;min-height:78px}.vk-brand-side{align-items:center;display:flex;gap:16px;min-width:0}.vk-brand-side-right{justify-content:flex-end}.vk-brand-side .gh-search{border:1px solid var(--vk-line-strong);border-radius:4px;height:38px;width:38px}.vk-brand-side .gh-search:hover{background:var(--vk-soft);border-color:var(--vk-ink)}.vk-edition-label{color:var(--vk-muted);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:1rem;font-weight:650;letter-spacing:.06em}.gh-navigation-logo.vk-wordmark{align-items:center;color:var(--vk-ink);display:inline-flex;gap:12px;justify-content:center;padding:6px 16px;position:static;text-decoration:none}.gh-navigation-logo.vk-wordmark img{height:44px;-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain;width:44px}.vk-wordmark-text{font-size:3.4rem;font-weight:800;line-height:1;white-space:nowrap}.vk-wordmark-text>span{color:var(--vk-muted);font-weight:450}.vk-signin{color:var(--vk-graphite);font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:650}.vk-subscribe{min-height:36px;padding-inline:16px}.vk-section-nav{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:center;min-height:46px;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-x:contain;overscroll-behavior-y:none;scrollbar-width:none;touch-action:pan-x}.vk-section-nav::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.vk-section-nav a{align-items:center;align-self:stretch;color:var(--vk-graphite);display:inline-flex;font-size:1.35rem;font-weight:700;padding:0 20px;position:relative;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}.vk-section-nav a:after{background:transparent;bottom:-1px;content:"";height:3px;left:20px;position:absolute;right:20px}.vk-section-nav a:hover,.vk-section-nav 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.gh-article-image{margin-top:24px;max-height:none}.page-template .gh-content,.post-template .gh-content{font-size:1.7rem;line-height:1.82;padding-top:36px}.gh-content>h2{font-size:2.6rem}.gh-content>h3{font-size:2.15rem}.gh-content .kg-blockquote-alt,.gh-content blockquote{border-radius:14px;font-size:1.75rem;padding:22px 20px 22px 54px}.gh-content .kg-blockquote-alt:before,.gh-content blockquote:before{font-size:4.8rem;left:17px;top:12px}.gh-content pre{border-radius:14px;font-size:1.32rem;padding:22px 20px}.gh-table{border-radius:12px;margin-left:-14px;margin-right:-14px}.gh-content table{min-width:620px}.gh-post-cta-inner{padding:24px 20px}.gh-article-feedback-inner,.gh-fan-cta-inner{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column}.vk-footer-signup{gap:24px;grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:36px 0}.vk-footer-grid{gap:34px 24px;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;padding:38px 0 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span{color:var(--vk-muted);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.95rem}.vk-partner-order-button{align-items:center;background:var(--partner-ink);border:1px solid var(--partner-ink);border-radius:3px;color:#fff;display:flex;font-size:1.2rem;font-weight:800;justify-content:center;margin-top:24px;min-height:48px;text-decoration:none}.vk-partner-order-button:hover{color:#fff;opacity:.86}.vk-partner-service-card.is-featured .vk-partner-order-button{background:#fff;border-color:#fff;color:var(--partner-ink)}.vk-partner-service-card.is-featured .vk-partner-order-button:hover{color:var(--partner-ink)}.vk-partner-checkout-note{background:var(--partner-paper);border-left:3px solid var(--partner-red);display:grid;gap:32px;grid-template-columns:minmax(180px,.35fr) minmax(0,1fr);margin-top:20px;padding:20px 22px}.vk-partner-checkout-note strong{font-size:1.2rem}.vk-partner-checkout-note p{color:var(--vk-muted);font-size:1.1rem;line-height:1.6}.vk-partner-pricing-note{color:var(--vk-faint);font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.55;margin:18px 0 0;max-width:920px}.vk-partner-order{background:var(--partner-ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--partner-line);color:#fff;padding-bottom:88px;padding-top:88px}.vk-partner-order-inner{align-items:start;display:grid;gap:80px;grid-template-columns:minmax(260px,.7fr) minmax(0,1.3fr)}.vk-partner-order header{border-top:4px solid #fff;padding-top:20px}.vk-partner-order header>p{color:#b8c0c9;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.65;margin-top:16px}.vk-partner-order-terms{border-top:1px solid #5b616a}.vk-partner-order-terms details{border-bottom:1px solid #5b616a}.vk-partner-order-terms summary{cursor:pointer;font-size:1.45rem;font-weight:720;list-style:none;padding:24px 44px 24px 0;position:relative}.vk-partner-order-terms summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.vk-partner-order-terms 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var(--partner-line);border-radius:6px;box-shadow:0 18px 60px rgba(10,13,18,.08);min-width:0;overflow:hidden}.vk-partner-faq{background:var(--partner-ink);color:#fff;padding-bottom:100px;padding-top:88px}.vk-partner-faq-inner{display:grid;gap:80px;grid-template-columns:minmax(260px,.7fr) minmax(0,1.3fr)}.vk-partner-faq-list{border-top:1px solid #5b616a}.vk-partner-faq details{border-bottom:1px solid #5b616a}.vk-partner-faq summary{cursor:pointer;font-size:1.45rem;font-weight:720;list-style:none;padding:24px 44px 24px 0;position:relative}.vk-partner-faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.vk-partner-faq summary:after{color:var(--partner-red);content:"+";font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:1.8rem;position:absolute;right:3px;top:21px}.vk-partner-faq details[open] summary:after{content:"−"}.vk-partner-faq details p{color:#b8c0c9;font-size:1.2rem;line-height:1.65;max-width:720px;padding:0 44px 24px 0}.vk-partner-mobile-bar{display:none}@media 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rgba(10,13,18,.26);color:#fff;display:flex;font-size:1.3rem;font-weight:800;justify-content:center;left:12px;min-height:50px;position:fixed;right:12px;text-decoration:none;z-index:3900}.vk-partner-mobile-bar:hover{color:#fff}}@media print{.vk-partner-book,.vk-partner-mobile-bar,.vk-partner-order-button{display:none!important}}.visually-hidden{clip:rect(0,0,0,0)!important;border:0!important;height:1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;padding:0!important;position:absolute!important;white-space:nowrap!important;width:1px!important}.vk-lang-other,html:not([lang=ko]) .vk-lang-ko{display:none}html:not([lang=ko]) .vk-lang-other{display:inline}.vk-mobile-search{display:none}.vk-lead-story,.vk-signal-item,[data-reading-card]{position:relative}.vk-signal-item>a{padding-right:54px}.vk-interest-badge,.vk-new-signal-badge{align-items:center;background:var(--vk-red);border-radius:2px;color:#fff;display:inline-flex;font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.78rem;font-weight:800;left:10px;letter-spacing:.06em;min-height:24px;padding:0 7px;position:absolute;text-transform:uppercase;top:10px;z-index:4}.vk-interest-badge+.vk-new-signal-badge,.vk-new-signal-badge+.vk-interest-badge{top:39px}.vk-signal-item .vk-interest-badge,.vk-signal-item .vk-new-signal-badge{bottom:7px;left:auto;right:0;top:auto}.vk-signal-item .vk-interest-badge+.vk-new-signal-badge,.vk-signal-item .vk-new-signal-badge+.vk-interest-badge{right:50px}.vk-intelligence-grid>.is-interest-match{background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(215,31,43,.045),transparent 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.vk-story-excerpt{display:none}.vk-story-section{font-size:9px;margin-bottom:6px}.vk-story-meta{font-size:10px;margin-top:10px}.vk-edition-strip{margin-top:14px}.vk-edition-strip a{font-size:10px;min-height:35px}.vk-desk-column .vk-story--compact{display:none}.vk-stream-heading{min-height:52px}.vk-stream-heading h2{font-size:17px}.vk-stream-note{font-size:10px;margin-inline-start:10px}.vk-stream-heading>a{font-size:11px;gap:5px}.vk-story-grid{gap:0;grid-template-columns:1fr}.vk-story--compact{padding:15px 0}.vk-story--compact .vk-story-link{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 80px}.vk-story--compact .vk-story-image{width:80px}.vk-story-grid .vk-story-title{font-size:16px;line-height:1.5}.vk-editorial .vk-preferred-source{gap:12px;margin-top:4px;padding:15px 0}.vk-editorial .vk-preferred-source-copy{display:block}.vk-editorial .vk-preferred-source h2{font-size:12px}.vk-editorial .vk-preferred-source a{align-items:center;display:inline-flex;min-height:32px}.vk-channel-page>.gh-archive{padding-bottom:12px;padding-top:22px}.vk-channel-page>.gh-archive .gh-article-title{font-size:30px}.vk-channel-page>.gh-container.is-list .gh-feed{gap:0}.vk-channel-page>.gh-container .gh-card-title{font-size:16px}.vk-channel-page>.gh-container{padding-bottom:20px}.vk-footer-signup{gap:17px;grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:22px 0}.vk-footer-signup .gh-footer-signup-header{font-size:21px;max-width:310px}.vk-footer-grid{gap:22px;padding:22px 0 18px}.vk-footer-brand{grid-column:1/-1}.vk-footer-grid>.vk-footer-column:nth-child(2){display:flex}.vk-footer-column a{min-height:32px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.vk-editorial *{animation:none!important;scroll-behavior:auto;transition:none!important}}
/* Compact editorial navigation and native Ghost membership. */
#gh-navigation .vk-member-action{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:42px;padding:8px 12px;border:0;border-radius:5px;color:#eef4fc;background:transparent;font-size:13px;font-weight:650;line-height:1.25;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none;opacity:1}
#gh-navigation .vk-subscribe{background:#c5e0ff;color:#10233e;padding-inline:18px}
#gh-navigation .vk-subscribe:hover{background:#e1efff;color:#10233e}
#gh-navigation .vk-signin:hover{background:#1b2d46;color:#fff}
body .gh-author-social{gap:5px;flex-wrap:wrap}
body .gh-author-social a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:32px;height:32px;color:var(--color-primary-text);opacity:1;border:1px solid var(--color-border);border-radius:50%;background:transparent}
body .gh-author-social a:hover{color:var(--vk-blue,#1555a0);background:var(--color-lighter-gray)}
body .gh-author-social svg{width:15px;height:15px;opacity:1;color:inherit}
body .gh-article-author-image{align-self:center;width:auto;min-width:48px;height:auto;background:transparent;border:0;padding:0}
body .gh-article-author-image>a{display:block;flex:0 0 48px;width:48px;height:48px;padding:0;border:0;overflow:hidden;border-radius:50%;background:transparent;margin:0}
body .gh-article-author-image img.author-profile-image{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:100%;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:inherit;object-fit:cover;box-shadow:none;background:transparent;margin:0}
.vk-signup-dialog{box-sizing:border-box;width:min(520px,calc(100vw - 28px));max-height:calc(100dvh - 28px);margin:auto;padding:36px;border:1px solid #c3ceda;border-radius:14px;background:#f9fbfd;color:#14243a;box-shadow:0 24px 100px #0005;overflow:auto;font-size:15px;line-height:1.55}
.vk-signup-dialog::backdrop{background:rgb(3 12 24 / 70%)}
.vk-signup-close{position:absolute;top:8px;right:8px;width:40px;height:40px;border:0;border-radius:50%;background:transparent;color:inherit;font-size:28px}
.vk-signup-eyebrow{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.13em;font-weight:750;color:#165ca6;margin:0 0 13px}
.vk-signup-dialog h2{color:inherit;font-size:30px;line-height:1.28;letter-spacing:-.04em;max-width:380px;margin:0 0 14px;word-break:keep-all}
.vk-signup-intro{color:#536379;margin:0 0 24px;font-size:14px}
.vk-signup-form label{display:block;font-size:13px;font-weight:650;color:inherit;margin:15px 0 6px}
.vk-signup-form :is(input:not([type=hidden]),select){width:100%;min-height:46px;border:1px solid #95a5b7;border-radius:5px;background:#fff;color:#14243a;padding:10px 12px;font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;box-sizing:border-box}
.vk-signup-profile{margin:18px 0;border-top:1px solid #d3dce6;padding-top:14px}
.vk-signup-profile summary{cursor:pointer;font-size:13px;color:#4b5b70;min-height:30px}
.vk-signup-form .vk-signup-submit{width:100%;min-height:48px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;border:0;border-radius:5px;background:#174f96;color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font:650 15px/1.4 inherit;cursor:pointer}
.vk-signup-form.loading .vk-signup-submit{opacity:.6;pointer-events:none}
.vk-signup-terms{font-size:11px;line-height:1.65;margin:12px 0;color:#59687b}
.vk-signup-dialog a{color:#165ca6;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}
.vk-signup-login{font-size:13px;border-top:1px solid #d3dce6;padding-top:17px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:0}
.vk-signup-error{color:#a71827;font-size:13px}
.vk-signup-success{display:none;color:#15572d;font-weight:600}
.vk-signup-form.success .vk-signup-success{display:block}
.vk-signup-form.success :is(label,input,select,details,.vk-signup-submit,.vk-signup-terms){display:none}
.vk-signup-dialog :focus-visible{outline:3px solid #2370cc;outline-offset:3px}
@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){
 body .vk-about-page{background:#10161d;color:#edf1f6}
 body .vk-about-page :is(h1,h2,h3,h4,p,blockquote,em,strong,dd){color:#edf1f6!important}
 body .vk-about-page :is(.vk-about-index a,.vk-about-index strong){color:#c9e2ff!important}
 body .vk-about-page :is(.vk-about-lead,.vk-about-contact small,.vk-about-signals dt,.vk-about-index b){color:#b7c2ce!important}
 body .vk-about-content :is([style*="background: white"],[style*="background:#fff"],[style*="background: #fff"]){background:#17212b!important}
 body .vk-about-content a{color:#a6cfff!important}
 body .vk-about-page :is(.vk-about-signals,.vk-about-index,.vk-about-index a,.vk-about-contact){border-color:#506172}
 .vk-signup-dialog{background:#14202e;color:#eef4fb;border-color:#55677c;color-scheme:dark}
 .vk-signup-dialog :is(h2,label){color:#eef4fb}
 .vk-signup-dialog :is(.vk-signup-intro,.vk-signup-terms,.vk-signup-profile summary){color:#bac7d7}
 .vk-signup-dialog :is(.vk-signup-eyebrow,a){color:#a6cfff}
 .vk-signup-form :is(input:not([type=hidden]),select){background:#0c1623;color:#eef4fb;border-color:#60748d}
 .vk-signup-profile,.vk-signup-login{border-color:#475a70}
 .vk-signup-form .vk-signup-submit{background:#c5e0ff;color:#10233e}
 .vk-signup-success{color:#8de2aa}.vk-signup-error{color:#ff9fa7}
}
@media(max-width:600px){
 #gh-navigation .vk-signin,#gh-navigation .vk-v1-search{display:none}
 #gh-navigation .vk-member-action{padding:8px;font-size:11px;min-height:38px}
 .vk-signup-dialog{padding:30px 24px}.vk-signup-dialog h2{font-size:26px}
}

/* Footer signup remains legible regardless of browser color scheme. */
body .vk-footer-form .gh-form{background:#fff;color:#14243a;border-color:#95a5b7}
body .vk-footer-form .gh-form-input{background:#fff;color:#14243a}
body .vk-footer-form .gh-form-input::placeholder{color:#58687c;opacity:1}
body .vk-footer-form .gh-button,body .vk-footer-form .gh-button span{background:#174f96;color:#fff}
@media(max-width:600px){#gh-navigation .vk-signin{display:inline-flex;font-size:10px;padding-inline:3px}}
@media(max-width:370px){#gh-navigation .vk-member-action{font-size:10px;padding-inline:5px}}
/* Override the legacy utility-icon sizing only for textual account actions. */

/* One editorial palette in every OS mode. Content and charts keep their semantics. */
:root:root {
  color-scheme: dark;
  --background-color:#080808; --color-primary-text:#f4f4f1; --color-secondary-text:#b8b8b2;
  --color-border:#383838; --color-dark-border:#666; --color-lighter-gray:#141414;
  --vk-paper:#080808; --vk-home-paper:#080808; --vk-ink:#f4f4f1; --vk-muted:#b8b8b2;
  --vk-line:#383838; --vk-line-strong:#666; --vk-surface:#111; --vk-red:#f4f4f1; --vk-blue:#deded8;
}
body :is(.vk-front-page,.vk-channel-page,.gh-archive,.vk-discussion,.vk-silicon-recommendations,.gh-fan-cta,.gh-post-cta,.vk-preferred-source,.gh-footer) {
  background:#080808; color:#f4f4f1; border-color:#383838;
}
body :is(.vk-recommendation-lane,.vk-recommendation-lanes,.gh-post-cta-inner,.gh-fan-cta-inner) {background:#080808;border-color:#383838}
body :is(.vk-discussion,.vk-silicon-recommendations) :is(h2,h3,h4,p,a,small,span) {color:inherit}
body :is(.vk-recommendation-item-excerpt,.vk-recommendation-item-meta,.vk-discussion-header p) {color:#b8b8b2}
body .gh-content :is(blockquote,pre,table,thead,tbody,tr,th,td) {background:#111;color:#f4f4f1;border-color:#383838}
body .gh-content :is(code,pre code) {background:#191919;color:#e2e2dc}
body :is(.vk-signup-dialog,.vk-cx-panel) {background:#111;color:#f4f4f1;border-color:#666}
body .vk-signup-dialog :is(input,select,textarea) {background:#080808;color:#f4f4f1;border-color:#666}
body .vk-signup-dialog :is(p,label,h2,h3) {color:#f4f4f1}
body .gh-content a {color:#deded8;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:.2em}
body .vk-about-page {background:#080808;color:#f4f4f1}
body .vk-about-page :is(h1,h2,h3,h4,p,blockquote,em,strong,dd,a) {color:#f4f4f1!important}
body .vk-about-page :is(.vk-about-lead,.vk-about-contact small,.vk-about-signals dt,.vk-about-index b) {color:#b8b8b2!important}
body .vk-about-content :is([style*="background: white"],[style*="background:#fff"],[style*="background: #fff"]) {background:#111!important}
body .vk-about-page :is(.vk-about-signals,.vk-about-index,.vk-about-index a,.vk-about-contact) {border-color:#383838}
body .vk-signup-form .vk-signup-submit {background:#f4f4f1;color:#080808}
body :is(a,button,input,textarea,select):focus-visible {outline:2px solid #f4f4f1;outline-offset:3px}
body .gh-comments iframe {color-scheme:normal}
body .vk-discussion {padding-block:28px;border-top:1px solid #383838;margin-top:32px}
body .vk-discussion-header {margin-bottom:16px}
body .vk-discussion-header h2 {font-size:22px}
body .vk-silicon-recommendations {padding-block:28px;margin-block:0}
body .vk-silicon-recommendations-inner {max-width:900px;border-top:1px solid #383838}
body .vk-silicon-recommendations-header {padding-block:20px 14px}
body .vk-silicon-recommendations-header h2 {font-size:24px}
body .vk-silicon-recommendations-header p,body .vk-silicon-recommendations-header span,body .vk-recommendation-lane>header {display:none}
body .vk-recommendation-lane {padding:0 20px 0 0}
body .vk-recommendation-item {padding-block:14px}
@media(max-width:760px){body .vk-recommendation-lanes{display:block}body .vk-recommendation-lane{padding:0;border:0}body .vk-recommendation-item-title{font-size:17px}}

:root {
  --surface-page: #080808;
  --surface-header: #080808;
  --surface-subnav: #0d0d0d;
  --surface-elevated: #0d0d0d;
  --surface-overlay: #0d0d0d;
  --surface-popover: #0d0d0d;
  --surface-tooltip: #f4f4f1;
  --surface-disabled: #151515;
  --text-primary: #f4f4f1;
  --text-secondary: #a8a8a3;
  --text-muted: #a8a8a3;
  --text-on-header: #f4f4f1;
  --text-on-overlay: #f4f4f1;
  --text-on-popover: #f4f4f1;
  --text-on-tooltip: #080808;
  --text-disabled: #777772;
  --border-default: #3a3a38;
  --border-strong: #c9c9c3;
  --border-popover: #3a3a38;
  --border-disabled: #2a2a28;
  --accent-primary: #f4f4f1;
  --accent-text: #f4f4f1;
  --focus-ring: #f4f4f1;
  --hover-surface: #181818;
  --selected-surface: #20201f;
  --icon-primary: #f4f4f1;
  --icon-muted: #a8a8a3;
  --icon-on-accent: #080808;
  --popover-shadow: none;
  --chart-axis: #a8a8a3;
  --chart-grid: #3a3a38;
  --chart-series-primary: #f4f4f1;
  --chart-series-secondary: #a8a8a3;
  --chart-positive: #55c28a;
  --chart-negative: #ed6a6a;
  --chart-point-outline: #080808;
  --chart-empty: #777772;
  --map-land: #181818;
  --map-water: #0d0d0d;
  --map-boundary: #3a3a38;
  --map-marker: #f4f4f1;
  --map-marker-selected: #ed6a6a;
  --map-marker-outline: #080808;
  --map-cluster: #c9c9c3;
  --map-label: #f4f4f1;
  --font-sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Apple SD Gothic Neo", "Malgun Gothic", Arial, sans-serif;
  --font-serif: "Noto Serif KR", "Source Serif 4", Georgia, serif;
  --content-max: 1180px;
  --page-inline: clamp(16px, 4vw, 48px);
  --page-block: clamp(28px, 5vw, 64px);
  --panel-radius: 0;
  --control-radius: 0;
  --heading-tracking: -0.025em;
  --backdrop: rgb(0 0 0 / 74%);
  --layer-header: 40;
  --layer-consent: 60;
  --layer-backdrop: 70;
  --layer-overlay: 80;
  --shell-masthead-height: 58px;
  --shell-nav-height: 46px;
  --shell-content-max: 1360px;
  --type-body-mobile: 16px;
  --type-body: clamp(17px, 16px + .12vw, 18px);
  --type-nav: 15px;
  --type-meta: 14px;
  --type-label: 13px;
  --type-card-title: clamp(22px, 19px + .35vw, 26px);
  --type-card-summary: clamp(16px, 15px + .12vw, 18px);
  --type-article: clamp(18px, 17px + .18vw, 20px);
  color-scheme: dark;
}

:root[data-theme],
:root[data-vlsi-theme] {
  color-scheme: dark;
}

@media (min-width: 1920px) {
  :root { --shell-content-max: 1600px; }
}

.vlsi-gs2,
.vlsi-gs2 * { box-sizing: border-box; }

.vlsi-gs2 {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1200;
  isolation: isolate;
  inline-size: 100%;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  background-color: #080808 !important;
  border-block-end: 1px solid var(--border-default);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--type-nav);
  line-height: 1.35;
  color-scheme: dark;
}

.vlsi-gs2 :where(a, button, input) { font: inherit; }
.vlsi-gs2 :where(a, button) { color: inherit; }
.vlsi-gs2 a { text-decoration: none; }
.vlsi-gs2 button { cursor: pointer; }
.vlsi-gs2 [hidden] { display: none !important; }

.vlsi-gs2__skip {
  position: fixed;
  inset-block-start: 8px;
  inset-inline-start: 8px;
  z-index: calc(var(--layer-overlay) + 1);
  padding: 10px 14px;
  color: #080808;
  background: #f4f4f1;
  transform: translateY(-150%);
}

.vlsi-gs2__skip:focus { transform: translateY(0); }

.vlsi-gs2__masthead,
.vlsi-gs2__nav-row,
.vlsi-gs2__search-inner,
.vlsi-gs2__section-nav {
  inline-size: min(100%, var(--shell-content-max));
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-inline: var(--page-inline);
}

.vlsi-gs2__masthead {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: center;
  min-block-size: var(--shell-masthead-height);
  border-block-end: 1px solid var(--border-default);
}

.vlsi-gs2__brand-home {
  grid-column: 2;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  min-block-size: 44px;
  padding-inline: 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(20px, 1.7vw, 26px);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -.035em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.vlsi-gs2__brand-mark {
  display: block;
  inline-size: 26px;
  block-size: 26px;
  flex: 0 0 26px;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.vlsi-gs2__language {
  position: relative;
  grid-column: 1;
  justify-self: start;
}

.vlsi-gs2__language-trigger {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  min-block-size: 44px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  padding: 0 9px;
  color: #e8edf7;
  background: transparent;
}

.vlsi-gs2__language-trigger:hover,
.vlsi-gs2__language-trigger[aria-expanded="true"] { color: var(--text-primary); border-color: var(--border-default); }

.vlsi-gs2__language-panel {
  inline-size: max-content;
  min-inline-size: 210px;
  max-inline-size: min(320px, calc(100vw - 24px));
}

.vlsi-gs2__account-actions {
  grid-column: 3;
  justify-self: end;
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
  min-inline-size: 0;
}

.vlsi-gs2__subscription {
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
  min-inline-size: 0;
}

.vlsi-gs2__sign-in {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-block-size: 36px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-strong);
  border-inline-start: 0;
  padding: 7px 12px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  background: #080808;
  font-weight: 700;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.vlsi-gs2__account-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-block-size: 38px;
  border: 1px solid #f4f4f1;
  padding: 8px 14px;
  color: #080808 !important;
  background: #f4f4f1 !important;
  font-weight: 750;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.vlsi-gs2__subscription label,
.vlsi-gs2__visually-hidden {
  position: absolute !important;
  inline-size: 1px !important;
  block-size: 1px !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  margin: -1px !important;
  overflow: hidden !important;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0) !important;
  white-space: nowrap !important;
  border: 0 !important;
}

.vlsi-gs2__subscription input {
  inline-size: clamp(150px, 18vw, 230px);
  min-block-size: 36px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-default);
  border-inline-end: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: 7px 10px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  background: var(--surface-page);
}

.vlsi-gs2__subscription .vlsi-gs2__honeypot { display: none; }

.vlsi-gs2__subscription button,
.vlsi-gs2__search-form button {
  min-block-size: 36px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-strong);
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: 7px 13px;
  color: #080808;
  background: #f4f4f1;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.vlsi-gs2__subscription button:disabled { cursor: wait; opacity: .68; }
.vlsi-gs2__subscription-status { align-self: center; margin-inline-start: 8px; color: var(--text-secondary); font-size: 12px; }
.vlsi-gs2__subscription .vlsi-gs2__honeypot { position: absolute; inline-size: 1px; block-size: 1px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; }

.vlsi-gs2__nav-shell { position: relative; z-index: 2; }
.vlsi-gs2__nav-scroll { overflow-x: auto; scrollbar-width: none; }
.vlsi-gs2__nav-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }

.vlsi-gs2__nav-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: clamp(4px, 1.6vw, 24px);
  min-block-size: var(--shell-nav-height);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.vlsi-gs2__nav-link,
.vlsi-gs2__disclosure-trigger,
.vlsi-gs2__search-trigger {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  min-block-size: 44px;
  border: 0;
  border-block-end: 2px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: 0 5px;
  color: #e8edf7;
  background: transparent;
}

.vlsi-gs2__nav-link:hover,
.vlsi-gs2__disclosure-trigger:hover,
.vlsi-gs2__search-trigger:hover,
.vlsi-gs2__nav-link[aria-current="page"],
.vlsi-gs2__disclosure-trigger[aria-expanded="true"],
.vlsi-gs2__search-trigger[aria-expanded="true"] {
  color: #ffffff;
  border-block-end-color: #78a9ff;
}

.vlsi-gs2__search-trigger svg {
  inline-size: 17px;
  block-size: 17px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.7;
}

.vlsi-gs2__chevron { font-size: 11px; transition: transform 120ms ease; }
[aria-expanded="true"] > .vlsi-gs2__chevron { transform: rotate(180deg); }

.vlsi-gs2__disclosure {
  position: fixed;
  inset: auto;
  top: var(--vlsi-disclosure-block-start, 96px);
  left: var(--vlsi-disclosure-inline-start, 12px);
  right: auto;
  z-index: 2147483000;
  min-inline-size: 230px;
  max-block-size: min(var(--vlsi-disclosure-max-block-size, 72dvh), 620px);
  overflow: auto;
  border: 1px solid #777777;
  border-block-start-color: #f4f4f1;
  color: #ffffff;
  background-color: #101010 !important;
  opacity: 1;
  isolation: isolate;
}

.vlsi-gs2__disclosure--market {
  inline-size: min(980px, calc(100vw - 24px));
}
.vlsi-gs2__market-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0;
  background-color: #101010 !important;
}
.vlsi-gs2__market-group {
  min-inline-size: 0;
  border-inline-end: 1px solid var(--border-default);
  background-color: #101010 !important;
}
.vlsi-gs2__market-group:last-child { border-inline-end: 0; }
.vlsi-gs2__disclosure ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 6px 0; }
.vlsi-gs2__disclosure li { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.vlsi-gs2__disclosure :where(a, button) {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  inline-size: 100%;
  min-block-size: 42px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: 9px 14px;
  color: #ffffff;
  background: transparent;
  text-align: start;
}
.vlsi-gs2__disclosure :where(a, button):hover { background: #292929; }
.vlsi-gs2__disclosure small { display: block; color: #bdbdbd; font-size: 12px; }
.vlsi-gs2__menu-label { padding: 10px 14px 4px; color: #bdbdbd; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.vlsi-gs2__menu-rule { border: 0; border-block-start: 1px solid var(--border-default); margin: 6px 0; }

.vlsi-gs2__search-panel {
  border-block-start: 1px solid var(--border-default);
  background-color: #0d0d0d !important;
}

.vlsi-gs2__search-inner { padding-block: 14px; }
.vlsi-gs2__search-form { display: flex; inline-size: min(100%, 920px); margin-inline: auto; }
.vlsi-gs2__search-form input {
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  min-inline-size: 0;
  min-block-size: 44px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-strong);
  border-inline-end: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: 10px 13px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  background: var(--surface-page);
  font-size: 16px;
}
.vlsi-gs2__search-form button { min-block-size: 44px; white-space: nowrap; }
.vlsi-gs2__search-form button + button { border-inline-start: 0; color: var(--text-primary); background: #080808; }

.vlsi-gs2__section-wrap { border-block-start: 1px solid var(--border-default); background: var(--surface-subnav); }
.vlsi-gs2__section-nav { display: flex; gap: 22px; min-block-size: 40px; align-items: center; overflow-x: auto; white-space: nowrap; }
.vlsi-gs2__section-nav a { color: #d7dce6; font-size: 13px; }
.vlsi-gs2__section-nav a:hover,
.vlsi-gs2__section-nav a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--text-primary); }

.vlsi-gs2__noscript ul { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px 18px; margin: 0; padding: 12px var(--page-inline); list-style: none; }

.vlsi-gs2 :where(a, button, input):focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--focus-ring);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .vlsi-gs2__masthead { grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr; gap: 8px; }
  .vlsi-gs2__brand-home { grid-column: 2; justify-self: center; font-size: 20px; }
  .vlsi-gs2__account-actions { grid-column: 3; }
  .vlsi-gs2__subscription input { inline-size: min(34vw, 180px); }
  .vlsi-gs2__subscription-status { display: none; }
  .vlsi-gs2__nav-row { justify-content: flex-start; inline-size: max-content; min-inline-size: 100%; }
  .vlsi-gs2__nav-shell > .vlsi-gs2__disclosure { max-inline-size: calc(100vw - 24px); overflow: auto; }
  .vlsi-gs2__market-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .vlsi-gs2__market-group:nth-child(2n) { border-inline-end: 0; }
}

@media (max-width: 520px) {
  .vlsi-gs2 .vlsi-gs2__masthead { min-block-size: 54px; grid-template-columns: 36px minmax(0,1fr) auto; gap: 4px; padding: 4px 10px; }
  .vlsi-gs2__language { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; }
  .vlsi-gs2__language-trigger > span:nth-child(2) { display: none; }
  .vlsi-gs2 .vlsi-gs2__language-trigger { padding: 0; gap: 3px; font-size: 16px; }
  .vlsi-gs2 .vlsi-gs2__brand-home { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; justify-self: center; min-block-size: 44px; padding: 0; gap: 5px; font-size: clamp(14px, 4vw, 18px); letter-spacing: -.035em; }
  .vlsi-gs2 .vlsi-gs2__brand-mark { inline-size: 20px; block-size: 20px; flex-basis: 20px; }
  .vlsi-gs2 .vlsi-gs2__account-actions { grid-column: 3; grid-row: 1; justify-self: end; inline-size: auto; }
  .vlsi-gs2 .vlsi-gs2__account-link { min-block-size: 38px; padding: 7px 6px; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: -.025em; }
  .vlsi-gs2__subscription { flex: 1 1 auto; }
  .vlsi-gs2__subscription input { flex: 1 1 auto; inline-size: auto; }
  .vlsi-gs2__subscription button { padding-inline: 11px; }
  .vlsi-gs2__nav-row { padding-inline: 12px; gap: 10px; }
  .vlsi-gs2__nav-link,
  .vlsi-gs2__disclosure-trigger,
  .vlsi-gs2__search-trigger { padding-inline: 2px; font-size: 14px; }
  .vlsi-gs2__market-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .vlsi-gs2__market-group { border-inline-end: 0; border-block-end: 1px solid var(--border-default); }
  .vlsi-gs2__market-group:last-child { border-block-end: 0; }
  .vlsi-gs2__search-inner { padding-inline: 12px; }
  .vlsi-gs2__search-form button { padding-inline: 10px; }
  .vlsi-gs2__search-form button span { display: none; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .vlsi-gs2 *, .vlsi-gs2 *::before, .vlsi-gs2 *::after { scroll-behavior: auto !important; transition-duration: .001ms !important; animation-duration: .001ms !important; }
}

/* First-screen density contract: content precedes promotional introductions. */
body:has(.vlsi-gs2) { font-family: var(--font-sans); }
body:has(.vlsi-gs2) :where(h1,h2,h3,button,input,select) { font-family: inherit; }
.edu-home-intro > p, .edu-roadmap-heading { display: none !important; }
.edu-home-intro { display: block !important; padding: 0 0 10px !important; }
.edu-home-intro h1 { font-size: 24px !important; line-height: 1.25 !important; margin: 0 !important; letter-spacing: -.025em !important; }
.museum-lobby .lobby-introduction { display: none; }
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .edu-main { padding: 14px !important; }
  .edu-home-intro h1 { font-size: 22px !important; }
  .edu-roadmap-lead .edu-roadmap-rail { grid-auto-flow: row; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 12px 0; padding: 12px !important; }
  .edu-roadmap-lead .edu-roadmap-rail li::after { display: none; }
  .edu-roadmap-lead .edu-roadmap-node { min-height: 112px; font-size: 14px; }
  .edu-roadmap-tracks a { font-size: 13px; }
  .calendar-home .calendar-action-bar { display: none; }
  .calendar-home .hero { padding: 14px 16px 8px !important; min-height: 0 !important; }
  .calendar-home .hero-inner { display: block !important; padding: 0 !important; }
  .calendar-home .hero-copy { padding: 0 !important; }
  .calendar-home #hero-title { margin: 0 !important; font-size: 22px !important; line-height: 1.3 !important; letter-spacing: -.025em !important; }
  .calendar-home .hero-copy > :not(h1), .calendar-home .featured-card { display: none !important; }
  .calendar-home .calendar-section { padding: 8px 16px 24px !important; }
  .calendar-home .section-heading { margin: 0 0 8px !important; gap: 0 !important; }
  .calendar-home .section-heading > div:first-child { display: none; }
  .calendar-home .view-switch { padding: 0 !important; min-height: 38px !important; }
  .calendar-home .view-switch button { min-height: 38px !important; padding-block: 6px !important; }
  .calendar-home .calendar-command { padding: 10px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; gap: 8px !important; }
  .calendar-home .timeline-tools, .calendar-home .results-toolbar { padding-block: 6px !important; margin-block: 0 !important; }
  .calendar-home .hero-search { min-height: 44px !important; }
  .calendar-home .month-group { margin-top: 12px !important; }
  .museum-lobby .silicon-lobby-hero { padding: 14px 16px !important; }
  .museum-lobby .silicon-lobby-hero .lobby-copy { padding: 0 0 12px !important; }
  .museum-lobby .silicon-lobby-hero .lobby-copy h1 { margin: 0 0 12px !important; font-size: 24px !important; line-height: 1.25 !important; letter-spacing: -.025em !important; overflow-wrap: normal; }
  .museum-lobby .lobby-kicker,.museum-lobby .reference-stats,.museum-lobby .lobby-suggestions,.museum-lobby .lobby-actions,.museum-lobby .lobby-hero-foot { display: none !important; }
  .museum-lobby .lobby-search { margin: 0 !important; }
  .museum-lobby .lobby-search form { min-height: 48px !important; }
  .museum-lobby .lobby-domains { display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; overflow-x: auto; margin-block: 8px 0; }
  .museum-lobby .lobby-domains a { flex: 0 0 auto; padding: 6px 8px; font-size: 12px; }
  .museum-lobby .silicon-hero-art { height: 240px !important; padding: 0 !important; }
}

:root {
  color-scheme: dark;
  --background-color: #080808;
  --vk-paper: #080808;
  --vk-home-paper: #080808;
  --vk-ink: #f4f4f1;
  --vk-muted: #a8a8a3;
  --vk-line: #3a3a38;
  --color-primary-text: #f4f4f1;
  --color-secondary-text: #a8a8a3;
  --color-border: #3a3a38;
  --color-light-gray: #0d0d0d;
  --color-lighter-gray: #0d0d0d;
  --color-white: #0d0d0d;
}

html,
body,
.gh-viewport,
.gh-main,
.gh-article,
.gh-content,
.vk-front-page,
.vk-channel-page,
.gh-container,
.gh-archive {
  background: #080808 !important;
  color: #f4f4f1;
}

body {
  font-family: Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
}

.gh-content {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 1.55vw, 2.05rem);
  line-height: 1.72;
}

/* Resolve inherited light-edition prose before any individual card styling. */
body :is(.gh-content,.vk-about-content) {
  color:#f4f4f1;
}
body :is(.gh-content,.vk-about-content) :is(p,li,dt,dd,em,strong,small,span,figcaption,blockquote,th,td) {
  color:#f4f4f1 !important;
}
body :is(.gh-content,.vk-about-content) a {
  color:#deded8 !important;
  text-decoration:underline;
  text-decoration-color:currentColor;
  text-underline-offset:.2em;
}
body :is(.gh-content,.vk-about-content) :is(div,section,aside,blockquote)[style*="background"],
body .gh-content :is(.kg-callout-card,.kg-header-card,.kg-signup-card) {
  background:#111 !important;
  border-color:#383838 !important;
  color:#f4f4f1 !important;
}
body .gh-content :is(blockquote,pre,table,thead,tbody,tr,th,td) {
  background:#111;
  border-color:#383838;
  color:#f4f4f1;
  box-shadow:none;
}
body .gh-content :is(h2,h3,h4)::before {background:#666;box-shadow:none}

.gh-content :is(h2, h3, h4),
.gh-article-title,
.gh-card-title,
.vk-story-title {
  color: #f4f4f1 !important;
  font-family: Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
}

:is(.gh-card-excerpt, .gh-article-excerpt, .gh-article-meta, .vk-story-excerpt, .vk-story-meta, .vk-editorial-about, .vk-stream-note) {
  color: #a8a8a3 !important;
}

:is(.gh-card, .gh-card-image, .vk-story-image, .gh-post-cta-inner, .gh-fan-cta-inner, .vk-preferred-source, .vk-cookie-consent-inner) {
  background: #0d0d0d !important;
  border-color: #3a3a38 !important;
  border-radius: 0 !important;
  box-shadow: none !important;
}

:is(button, input, select, textarea, .gh-button) {
  border-radius: 0 !important;
}

:is(a, button, input, select, textarea):focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid #f4f4f1 !important;
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

.vk-editorial-mast {
  align-items: end;
  border-color: #3a3a38;
  padding-block: clamp(4rem, 8vw, 8rem);
}

.vk-editorial-mast h1 {
  color: #f4f4f1;
  font-size: clamp(3.6rem, 7vw, 8.6rem);
  font-weight: 760;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
  line-height: 0.98;
  max-width: 14ch;
}

.vk-native-subscription .button-loader {
  display: none;
}

.vk-native-subscription.loading .button-content {
  display: none;
}

.vk-native-subscription.loading .button-loader {
  display: inline;
}

.vk-native-subscription.success input,
.vk-native-subscription.success button {
  border-color: #c9c9c3;
}

.vk-shell-account {
  color: #f4f4f1;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.gh-floating-bar,
[data-vk-market-widget],
.tradingview-widget-container {
  display: none !important;
}

.vk-front-page.vk-editorial .vk-editorial-kicker {
  color: #b8b8b2;
}

/* The legacy two-class footer selector otherwise outranks the shared palette. */
body .gh-footer.vk-footer { background:#080808; color:#f4f4f1; border-color:#383838; }
body .gh-footer.vk-footer::before, body .gh-footer.vk-footer::after { display:none; }

.vk-front-page.vk-editorial .vk-story-section {
  color: #b8b8b2;
}

.vk-front-page.vk-editorial .vk-preferred-source h2 {
  color: #f4f4f1;
}

.vk-front-page.vk-editorial .vk-preferred-source a {
  color: #deded8;
}

.vk-front-page.vk-editorial .vk-preferred-source-mark i {
  background: #4285f4;
  box-shadow: 7px 0 #ea4335, 14px 0 #fbbc05, 21px 0 #34a853;
  inset: auto auto 7px 7px;
  width: 7px;
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .vk-editorial-mast {
    padding-block: 3.2rem;
  }

  .vk-editorial-mast h1 {
    font-size: clamp(3.2rem, 12vw, 5rem);
  }
}

/* 2026-09-15: legacy business surfaces must use paired foreground/background
   colors; shared --vk-ink is now light and cannot also be a button background. */
body .vk-partner-page {
  --partner-ink:#f4f4f1;
  --partner-paper:#111;
  --partner-line:#555;
  --partner-red:#f4f4f1;
  --vk-graphite:#e2e2dc;
  --vk-muted:#b8b8b2;
  --vk-faint:#b8b8b2;
  background:#080808;
  color:#f4f4f1;
}
body .vk-partner-page :is(.vk-partner-hero,.vk-partner-hero-note,
  .vk-partner-audience-inner>.is-business,.vk-partner-service-card,
  .vk-partner-service-card.is-banner,.vk-partner-order,.vk-partner-faq) {
  background:#080808;
  color:#f4f4f1;
}
body .vk-partner-page :is(.vk-partner-service-card.is-featured,.vk-partner-disclosure,
  .vk-partner-calendar-shell) {background:#171717;color:#f4f4f1}
body .vk-partner-page :is(h1,h2,h3,h4,strong,summary) {color:#f4f4f1}
body .vk-partner-page .vk-partner-terms-version {color:#b8b8b2}
body .vk-partner-page :is(.vk-partner-button-primary,.vk-partner-order-button,
  .vk-partner-service-card.is-featured .vk-partner-order-button,.vk-partner-mobile-bar) {
  background:#f4f4f1;border-color:#f4f4f1;color:#080808;
}
body .vk-partner-page .vk-partner-button-secondary {background:#171717;color:#f4f4f1;border-color:#aaa}
body .vk-partner-page :is(.vk-partner-button-primary,.vk-partner-order-button,
  .vk-partner-mobile-bar):hover {background:#dcdcd6;color:#080808;opacity:1}
body .vk-partner-page .vk-partner-button-secondary:hover {background:#303030;color:#fff}
body .vk-partner-page a:focus-visible {outline:2px solid #f4f4f1;outline-offset:4px}
@media(max-width:767px) {
  body .vk-partner-page {padding-bottom:84px}
  body .vk-partner-page .vk-partner-mobile-bar {bottom:max(12px,env(safe-area-inset-bottom));min-height:50px}
  body .vk-partner-hero-inner {padding-top:32px}
  body .vk-partner-hero h1 {font-size:clamp(3.6rem,11vw,5rem);line-height:1.12}
}
body .gh-article-image figcaption a,
body .gh-article-image figcaption {color:#b8b8b2}
body :is(.gh-card-date,.gh-card-author) {color:#b8b8b2}
body .gh-content table :is(thead,tbody,tr,th,td) {background:#111;border-color:#555}
body .gh-content table tbody tr:nth-child(even) :is(th,td) {background:#1b1b1b}
body .gh-content table :is(a,a:visited) {color:#deded8!important}
/* Legacy fallback/pagination/error buttons use the now-light accent token. */
body .gh-button {background:#f4f4f1;color:#080808!important;border-color:#f4f4f1}
body .gh-button :is(span,strong) {color:inherit!important}
body .gh-button:hover {background:#dcdcd6;color:#080808!important;opacity:1}
body .gh-error-code {color:#b8b8b2}
body .gh-article-author-name a {color:#b8b8b2}

#vk-signup-dialog{box-sizing:border-box;width:min(520px,calc(100vw - 28px));max-height:calc(100dvh - 28px);margin:auto;padding:36px;border:1px solid #c3ceda;border-radius:14px;background:#f9fbfd;color:#14243a;box-shadow:0 24px 100px #0005;overflow:auto;font-size:15px;line-height:1.55}
#vk-signup-dialog::backdrop{background:rgb(3 12 24 / 70%)}
.vk-signup-close{position:absolute;top:8px;right:8px;width:40px;height:40px;border:0;border-radius:50%;background:transparent;color:inherit;font-size:28px}
.vk-signup-eyebrow{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.13em;font-weight:750;color:#165ca6;margin:0 0 13px}
#vk-signup-dialog h2{color:inherit;font-size:30px;line-height:1.28;letter-spacing:-.04em;max-width:380px;margin:0 0 14px;word-break:keep-all}
.vk-signup-intro{color:#536379;margin:0 0 24px;font-size:14px}
#vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-form label{display:block;font-size:13px;font-weight:650;color:inherit;margin:15px 0 6px}
#vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-form :is(input:not([type=hidden]),select){width:100%;min-height:46px;border:1px solid #95a5b7;border-radius:5px;background:#fff;color:#14243a;padding:10px 12px;font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;box-sizing:border-box}
.vk-signup-profile{margin:18px 0;border-top:1px solid #d3dce6;padding-top:14px}
.vk-signup-profile summary{cursor:pointer;font-size:13px;color:#4b5b70;min-height:30px}
#vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-form .vk-signup-submit{width:100%;min-height:48px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;border:0;border-radius:5px;background:#174f96;color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font:650 15px/1.4 inherit;cursor:pointer}
#vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-form.loading .vk-signup-submit{opacity:.6;pointer-events:none}
.vk-signup-terms{font-size:11px;line-height:1.65;margin:12px 0;color:#59687b}
#vk-signup-dialog a{color:#165ca6;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}
.vk-signup-login{font-size:13px;border-top:1px solid #d3dce6;padding-top:17px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:0}
.vk-signup-error{color:#a71827;font-size:13px}
.vk-signup-success{display:none;color:#15572d;font-weight:600}
#vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-form.success .vk-signup-success{display:block}
#vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-form.success :is(label,input,select,details,.vk-signup-submit,.vk-signup-terms){display:none}
#vk-signup-dialog :focus-visible{outline:3px solid #2370cc;outline-offset:3px}
/* Subscriber preferences: optional fields, readable controls, no extra dependency. */
#vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-interests{border:0;padding:0;margin:8px 0 18px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:8px}
#vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-interests legend{font-size:13px;font-weight:650;margin-bottom:10px}
#vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-form .vk-interest-option{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin:0;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;min-height:44px}
#vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-form .vk-interest-option input{width:18px;height:18px;min-height:18px;margin:0;padding:0;flex:0 0 18px;accent-color:#195ca7}
.vk-profile-header-subscribe{min-height:40px;padding:8px 14px;border:1px solid currentColor;border-radius:4px;background:#185ca6;color:#fff;font:600 13px/1.4 system-ui;cursor:pointer;white-space:nowrap}
.vk-profile-header-subscribe:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #6cafff;outline-offset:3px}
@media(max-width:480px){#vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-interests{grid-template-columns:1fr}.vk-profile-header-subscribe{font-size:12px;padding:7px 9px}}

#vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-interests{border:0;padding:0}
#vk-signup-dialog .vk-interest-option input[type=checkbox]{width:18px;min-height:18px;height:18px;padding:0}
#vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-interests legend{color:inherit}
#vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-profile summary{color:inherit}
@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){#vk-signup-dialog{background:#14202e;color:#eef4fb;color-scheme:dark}#vk-signup-dialog :is(label,legend,h2){color:#eef4fb}#vk-signup-dialog :is(.vk-signup-intro,.vk-signup-terms){color:#bac7d7}#vk-signup-dialog a{color:#a6cfff}#vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-form :is(input:not([type=hidden]),select){background:#0c1623;color:#eef4fb;border-color:#60748d}}
@media(max-width:480px){#vk-signup-dialog{padding:28px 22px}#vk-signup-dialog h2{font-size:25px}}
/* Global reading-theme paragraph colors must not override this dialog. */
body #vk-signup-dialog p{color:#42566c!important}
body #vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-eyebrow{color:#165ca6!important}
body #vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-success{color:#15572d!important}
body #vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-error{color:#a71827!important}
@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body #vk-signup-dialog p{color:#bac7d7!important}body #vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-eyebrow{color:#a6cfff!important}body #vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-success{color:#8de2aa!important}body #vk-signup-dialog .vk-signup-error{color:#ff9fa7!important}}

/* Preserve native hidden semantics for the discussion control. */
[data-vlsi-comments-load][hidden]{display:none!important}

/* Direct email contact: no script, form service, or tracking dependency. */
body > .vk-contact-link {
    position: fixed;
    z-index: 2500;
    left: max(24px, env(safe-area-inset-left));
    bottom: calc(24px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom));
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 12px;
    min-height: 52px;
    padding: 12px 24px;
    border: 1px solid #545454;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #101010;
    color: #f5f5f5;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgb(0 0 0 / 12%);
    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.4;
    letter-spacing: .04em;
    text-decoration: none;
}
body > .vk-contact-link svg { flex: none; }
body > .vk-contact-link:hover { background: #242424; border-color: #919191; color: #fff; }
body > .vk-contact-link:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid #fff;
    outline-offset: 3px;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 7px #174f96;
}
.vk-contact-sr {
    position: absolute;
    width: 1px;
    height: 1px;
    padding: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    clip-path: inset(50%);
    white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Keep the last footer links reachable above the fixed contact control. */
.gh-viewport { padding-bottom: calc(100px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom)); }
html { scroll-padding-bottom: calc(100px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom)); }
/* The privacy prompt and full-width subscription invitation take priority. */
body:has(.vk-cookie-consent:not([hidden])) > .vk-contact-link { visibility: hidden; }
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body > .vk-contact-link {
        left: max(16px, env(safe-area-inset-left));
        bottom: calc(16px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom));
        min-height: 44px;
        gap: 10px;
        padding: 10px 18px;
        font-size: 13px;
    }
    body:has(.gh-floating-bar.is-visible:not(.is-dismissed)) > .vk-contact-link { visibility: hidden; }
    .gh-viewport { padding-bottom: calc(80px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom)); }
    html { scroll-padding-bottom: calc(80px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom)); }
}
@media print {
    body > .vk-contact-link { display: none; }
    .gh-viewport { padding-bottom: 0; }
}

/* Article covers reserve their full height, including portrait images and captions. */
:is(.post-template,.page-template) .gh-article-image { max-height: none; overflow: hidden; }
/* Keep preference controls on the privacy page, away from the reading surface. */
body:not(.page-privacy) :is(.vlsiGa4SettingsButton,.vlsiGa4SettingsPanel,.vk-footer-cookie-settings) { display: none; }
.page-privacy .vlsiGa4SettingsButton { position: static; display: block; margin: 24px auto; }